Is it true that hot water freezes faster than cold water and if so, what practical applications have there been found for this phenomenon?
In certain settings, cold water freezers slower than hot water. This is called the Mpemba effect [1].
The Mpemba effect is the observation that warmer water sometimes freezes faster than colder water. Although the observation has been verified, there is no single scientific explanation for the effect.
Can hot water freeze faster than cold water? [2], Monwhea Jeng, University of California, 1998
Hot water can in fact freeze faster than cold water for a wide range of experimental conditions. This phenomenon is extremely counterintuitive, and surprising even to most scientists, but it is in fact real. It has been seen and studied in numerous experiments. While this phenomenon has been known for centuries, and was described by Aristotle, Bacon, and Descartes [1—3], it was not introduced to the modern scientific community until 1969, by a Tanzanian high school student named Mpemba.
Some suggested reasons given in the paper:
[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mpemba_effect
Evaporation — As the initially warmer water cools to the initial temperature of the initially cooler water, it may lose significant amounts of water to evaporation. The reduced mass will make it easier for the water to cool and freeze. Then the initially warmer water can freeze before the initially cooler water, but will make less ice. [...]
Dissolved Gasses — Hot water can hold less dissolved gas than cold water, and large amounts of gas escape upon boiling. So the initially warmer water may have less dissolved gas than the initially cooler water. [...]
And I'd never heard of this effect before; it was a random experiment I thought of and tried.
My answer: it depends on what you mean by "freeze".
Cold water starts freezing sooner (entering 0 degrees C), but hot water finishes freezing sooner (leaving 0 degrees C). I measured this with a digital thermometer.
No idea why, but I'm darn sure my experiment was accurate.
I blurred out the years to avoid carbon dating myself. ;)
A new paper on this phenomenon has been published recently. It offers yet another explanation and has even caught the attention of popular media.
arXiv:1310.6514v2 [2] [physics.chem-ph]
They say the interaction between the hydrogen bonds and the stronger bonds that hold the hydrogen and oxygen atoms in each molecule together, known as covalent bonds, is what causes the effect. Normally when a liquid is heated, the covalent bonds between atoms stretch and store energy. The scientists argue that in water, the hydrogen bonds produce an unusual effect that causes the covalent bonds to shorten and store energy when heated. This they say leads to the bonds to release their energy in an exponential way compared to the initial amount stored when they are cooled in a freezer. So hot water will lose more energy faster than cool water. Dr Changqing said: “Heating stores energy by shortening and stiffening the H-O covalent bond. “Cooling in a refrigerator, the H-O bond releases its energy at a rate that depends exponentially on the initially stored energy, and therefore, Mpemba effect happens.” The Royal Society of Chemistry received more than 22,000 responses to its call for a solution to the Mpemba effect and it is still receiving theories despite the competition closing a year ago.
Quoted from Telegraph.co.uk [3].
[1] https://www.nature.com/articles/srep03005It is true, in proper circumstances.
The Scientific explanation for that relates to the fact the freezing temperature may increase with the pressure.
The Mpemba effect is about freezing hot samples faster than cold which may not represent a substantial difference with small pressure variations but phenomenons like supercooling and superheating do have practical applications such as better preservation of organs in medical refrigerators and superconductivity in electrical devices.
You can find more about this in: The Mpemba effect: why hot water can sometimes freeze faster than cold [1].
[1] http://www.animations.physics.unsw.edu.au/jw/Mpemba.htm